Of Mice and Men Quotes

The following Of Mice and Men quotes represent some of the most significant elements of the novel, including the themes of nature, strength, and dreams. Additionally, Steinbecks use of vernacular language and colloquial dialects is evident in many of these passages. A few miles south of Soledad, the Salinas River drops in close to the hillside bank and runs deep and green. The water is warm too, for it has slipped twinkling over the yellow sands in the sunlight before reaching the narrow pool. On one side of the river the golden foothill slopes curve up to the strong and rocky Gabilan Mountains, but on the valley side the water is lined with trees—willows fresh and green with every spring, carrying in their lower leaf junctures the debris of the winter’s flooding; and sycamores with mottled, white, recumbent limbs and branches that arch over the pool. This passage, which serves as the novels opener, establishes from the very beginning the importance of land and nature to the text—specifically, an idealized version of nature. The river runs â€Å"deep and green,† the water is â€Å"warm,† the sands are â€Å"yellow†¦in the sunlight,† the foothills â€Å"golden,† the mountains â€Å"strong,† and the willows â€Å"fresh and green. Each adjective is positive and healthy. Taken together, these descriptions create a romanticized image of the natural world. The passage suggests that the natural world is epic and powerful, the animals and plants living blissfully and peacefully according to their natural rhythms, coming and going as they please, untouched by man’s destructive hand. â€Å"There is a path through the willows and among the sycamores, a path beaten hard by boys coming down from the ranches to swim in the deep pool, and beaten hard by tramps who come wearily down from the highway in the evening to jungle-up near water. In front of the low horizontal limb of a giant sycamore there is an ash pile made by many fires; the limb is worn smooth by men who have sat on it.† Untouched, that is, until the beginning of the second paragraph, when into this scene come â€Å"boys,† and â€Å"tramps,† who wreak all manner of havoc on this natural scene. The path through the willows soon becomes a â€Å"path beaten hard as the men walk all over it, ruining it of its proper tenderness. There is an â€Å"ash pile by many fires,† which suggests more harm to the landscape, both in that it implies the area is well-traveled, as well as because fires are damaging to the ground upon which they burn. Moreover, these frequent visits have â€Å"worn smooth† a tree limb that the men have used as a bench, deforming it. This paragraph introduces the uneasy balance, central to the novel, between an idealized version of the natural world and the actual version in which people live—in other words, the world of mice and the world of men. The more the world of men tries to attain or possess the world of mice, the more they harm it, and consequently the more they lose it. â€Å"That mouse ain’t fresh, Lennie; and besides, you’ve broke it pettin’ it. You get another mouse that’s fresh and I’ll let you keep it a little while.† This statement, made by George to Lennie, reveals Lennie’s gentle nature, as well as his inability to prevent his physical power from bringing destruction upon those smaller than him. Throughout the novel, Lennie is often seen petting soft objects, ranging from a mouse to a rabbit to a womans hair. In this particular passage, nothing of consequence comes of Lennies actions—he is simply touching a dead mouse. However, the moment foreshadows another scene: later in the novel, Lennie attempts to stroke Curleys wifes hair and accidentally breaks her neck in the process. Lennies unintended but inevitable acts of destruction serve as a metaphor for humanitys destructive nature. Despite our best laid plans, the novel suggests, humans cannot help but leave behind a ruinous wake. I seen hundreds of men come by on the road an’ on the ranches, with their bindles on their back an’ that same damn thing in their heads. Hunderds of them. They come, and’ they quit an’ go on; an’ every damn one of ‘em’s got a little piece of land in his head. An’ never a God damn one of ‘em ever gets it. Just like heaven. Ever’body wants a little piece of lan’ I read plenty of books out here. Nobody never gets to heaven, and nobody gets no land. It’s just in their head. They’re all the time talkin’ about it, but it’s just’ in their head.† In this speech, a farmhand named Crooks rejects Lennie’s notion that he and George will one day buy a piece of land and live off of it. Crooks claims that he has heard many people make these sort of claims before, but that none of them have ever come to fruition; rather, he says, â€Å"it’s just in their head.† This statement encapsulates Crooks’ (justified) skepticism about George and Lennie’s plan, as well as a deeper doubt about anyones ability to attain whatever idealized sanctuary they have envisioned for themselves. According to Crooks, â€Å"[n]obody never gets to heaven, and nobody gets no land. Whether the dream is eternal spiritual salvation, or just a few acres to call your own, nobody can actually achieve it.  Ã‚   ‘We’ll have a cow,’ said George. ‘An’ we’ll have maybe a pig an’ chickens†¦an’ down the flat we’ll have a†¦little piece alfalfa—‘For the rabbits,’ Lennie shouted.‘For the rabbits,’ George repeated.‘And I get to tend the rabbits.’‘An’ you get to tend the rabbits.’Lennie giggled with happiness. â€Å"An’ live on the fatta the lan’.’ This exchange between George and Lennie takes place at the end of the novel. In it, the two characters describe for each other the farm they hope to live on one day. They plan to have rabbits, pigs, cows, chickens, and alfalfa, none of which they currently have access to on the barley farm. The dream of having their own farm is a refrain to which the pair often returns throughout the book. Lennie seems to believe the dream is realistic, even if currently out of reach, but for most of the book, it is unclear whether George shares that belief or simply considers it an idle fantasy that helps him get through the day. By the time this scene occurs, however, George is preparing to kill Lennie, and he clearly knows the farm dream will never become reality. Interestingly, even though they have had this conversation before, only now does George assent when Lennie asks him if they can have rabbits—a recurring symbol throughout the book—on the farm. Given that he is about to shoot Lennie, this juxtaposition implies that, for the characters of Of Mice and Men, the more they hope to attain in the real world, the further from it they must travel.

Healing The Developing World With Science - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1091 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/29 Category Science Essay Level High school Tags: World Hunger Essay Did you like this example? Healing the Developing World with Science Genetically modified organisms or GMOs are an exciting and valuable development for those who understand the increased efficiency they offer for food production. As the population steadily rises, resources are dwindling. Currently, there are 821 million people who are chronically malnourished and ninety-eight percent of them live in a developing country. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Healing The Developing World With Science" essay for you Create order To ensure food is available to everyone, local agricultural production in developing countries must increase. Relying exclusively on exported goods has led to this problem. While nearly thirteen percent of people remain undernourished even though the current output of the worldrs farms could supply over 11 billion people with 2,000 calories per day (Gerry). If provided genetically modified seeds, each family could grow their own food. GMOs could be helpful in stabilizing the hunger crisis in developing countries. Genetically modified crops could be engineered to grow in even the aridest of climates. A cost-efficient reliable food source would allow families to spend money on other necessities like water, housing or healthcare. This boost in resources would not only help diminish world hunger, over time it would increase the economy and consumerism as well. The problem of world hunger will only increase. The human population is growing more rapidly than was initially thought. Recently the UN published their latest calculations which project the worldrs population to be 9.3 billion in 2050†400 million more than previously estimated (Herrera). To accommodate for this shift in population, seventy percent more food needs to be produced by 2050. Even the most propitious projections of population growth predict potential mass tragedy if we do not increase our crop yield and production. To prevent famine food production and distribution must change. The increased yield of GM crops offer could prevent the oncoming famine if implemented immediately. With the world already facing a high percentage of people going hungry, action must be taken now to ensure the malnourished population does not increase. Part of the reason the population is increasing is the high mortality rate in the developing world. The average family in the developing worl d has five to six kids but only two or three of them will live to see adulthood. This is because of poor living conditions and a lack of clean water and food. With genetically modified crops early mortality rate would decrease. Having clean food that requires less water would allow more children to live to adulthood and lower the number of children people had. This would help to stabilize the population and decrease food shortage. Genetically modified crops require less water. Although the technology is in early development, it could be very promising in the future. Scientists at the University of Illinois are trying to modify the amount to which a plants stomata opens. The stomata, also known as the pores of a plant are open during photosynthesis to intake carbon dioxide. During this process the plant loses water through the stomata, genetically modifying the amount to which it can open would reduce the plants water consumption. Katarzyna Glowacka, the leading scientist on the experiment was able to develop a tobacco plant that needed twenty-five percent less water. This genetic adjustment has the potential to conserve one of humanityrs most valuable resources. Implementing Glowakackars genetic engineering of the stomata could reduce the amount of water necessary to grow crops. If this technology was used to grow grain, the global water crisis would start to subside. 844 million people worldwide do not have access to clean water. This issue is not just present in developing countries, it has impacted many first world countries as well. Americars own Flint Michigan has been without clean water since 2014 because of industrial runoff into the townrs river. If communities near Flint switched to genetically modified crops, the extra water could have been imported to help the people there through the water shortage. If this was applied globally, excess water could be delivered to places that had a shortage of water. This system would not rely on exporting water from one country to the next, instead it would use local resources and keep communities independent. For people living in privileged countries, GMOs are perceived as a dangerous new form of biotechnology. First world consumers see no immediate benefit from GMOs, whether it be lower prices or increased nutritional value. None of this is necessary for people who already have access to an abundance of nutritional food. The new technologyrs apparent lack of benefit leads consumers to believe it reckless and unsafe. Even though scientists say they are as safe as any other food. As the first world continues to fight the worldwide spread of GM crops, millions of people are dying of starvation. Although they are well-intentioned, critics of GMOs are preventing a technology that could increase the quality of life for people living in the Southern Hemisphere. Genetically modified crops will not always be unnecessary for the first world. Eventually, overpopulation will cause food shortage to become a global problem and those in the first world will be forced to integrate GMOs in their diet. GMOs are already present in many foods and medicines used in America and Europe. Prior to GMOs many products were extremely expensive to make. Before the development of genetic engineering insulin was extracted from the pancreas of cows or pigs and then sterilized for human use. GMO insulin is less expensive to produce and is activated faster in a diabeticrs blood stream. The insulin also has a smaller chance of being rejected since it is similar to the insulin a human pancreas would produce. The modified version of insulin has been widely in use since 1980. Genetic engineering technology could benefit those least advantaged across the world. The hunger and water crises are worsening, and decisive action is required to prevent catastrophe. GMOs could provide a stable source of food for people in the developing world and over time their economy would improve as a result. If genetic engineers were able to provide more nutritional and resilient seeds to citizens of the developing world they would have an increased standard of living. Genetically modified plants require less water which allows water to be used for drinking and bathing. While many people feel uncomfortable with the idea of genetic engineering, it offers a solution to many of the worldrs largest problems. These problems do not seem to be improving without intervention, they become more serious every year. Genetically modified crops have the potential to lower the number of deaths caused by starvation and dehydration. Developing countries would see the greatest benefit from gen etic engineering technology.

Cultural Fiction Middle Adulthood Essay - 1968 Words

Cultural fiction Cultural fiction posits that ideas about middle adulthood are created by cultures. Different cultures have varying views in the ways they recognize and understand middle adulthood (Hutchison, 2015). In the United States, middle adulthood is often viewed through 2 cultural lenses. The first sees mid-life as a positive time in which an individual has accrued resources and coping mechanisms. The second view of middle adulthood is a negative â€Å"over-the-hill† perspective, in which this stage is viewed as a time of loss and decline (Hutchison, 2015). These differing views of losses and gains in middle adulthood can be seen in the dynamic between Harvey Milk, and his adversary (and murderer) Dan White. Harvey, throughout the film, accumulates as many resources as he can and makes strides in his cause to gain justice for the gay community. Middle-adulthood, for Milk, was truly the prime of his life. His political opponent, Dan White, however, experienced a serie s of losses, including his job and his political influence, which led him to become depressed and volcanically angry. White’s view of this time in his life was likely far more negative than Harvey’s. Immature mechanisms vs. mature mechanisms Immature mechanisms and mature mechanism describe the ways in which people cope with life’s demands. Immature mechanisms include denial, projection, passive-aggression, dissociation, acting out and fantasy. Mature mechanisms include sublimation, altruism and humorShow MoreRelatedCulture and Personality Development Essay906 Words   |  4 Pagesreflects how a person conducts his or her life and determines the establishment of a personçâ€" ´ belief system. Overall, cultural factors can bring out the development of oneçâ€" ´ personality due to their cultural perceptions. One way culture affects oneçâ€" ´ personality is how we perceive the world and the way one perceives them self. 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Aspects Affecting Consumer Purchasing Conduct and Modern Consumer Purc Literature review

Essays on Aspects Affecting Consumer Purchasing Conduct and Modern Consumer Purchasing Trends Literature review The paper â€Å"Aspects Affecting Consumer Purchasing Conduct and Modern Consumer Purchasing Trends† is a  motivating example of a literature review on marketing. Many organizations today are investing resources towards studies meant to predict consumer purchase behaviour. Studies on consumer purchase behaviour provide an analytical background for repositioning and re-strategizing marketing segmentation and effective marketing processes. The studies on consumer purchase choices of products and services provide valuable insights into why consumers prefer certain products and services. Studies on consumer purchasing behaviour provide knowledge on why ‘certain products are likely to dominate the market and why certain products enjoy ‘a high market share’. Consumer purchase behaviour on ‘choices of certain products’ has led to some ‘products becoming obsolete’.Advancement in technology like the adoption of ‘e-business’ ha s played a great role in shifting consumer choices in certain products that are available online. For instance, with a shift into the use of computers, products like ‘rubber erasers’ are becoming obsolete and are soon going to be off the counters. Products like ‘washing basins’ are being replaced by washing machines. Products like ‘monophonic mobile phones’ are being replaced by ‘polyphonic mobile phones’ that have GPRS settings, have inbuilt cameras and videos et al’. Consumer behaviour has become a matter of choice of products that add value to the consumer.Consumer needs have a great impact on consumer purchase choices for products and services. In many instances, a consumer needs only products that have a particular personal value or that which underline their cultural background, lifestyles, career, social class or products that make a fashion statement.This essay reports on different aspects that affect consumer purcha sing behaviour and will explain current consumer purchasing trends. The essay illustrates the convectional definition of consumer behaviour as a discipline in business studies and highlights four models of choice processes that contribute significantly to consumer purchase behaviour. The choice processes are backed up by my research on ‘factors affecting consumer purchase decisions’.Definition of consumer behaviourAccording to Korczak (2008), consumer behaviour is a discipline in business studies that looks into what consumers are buying and provides an explanation of why the consumers are buying a particular product. Korczak (2008) adds that studies on consumer behaviour highlight factors that make consumers shift to certain products. Korczak (2008) proposes that studies on consumer purchase behaviour provide insights on what consumers will be buying in future and factors that will drive consumers to make choices and decisions of what to buy. Uttley and Scott (2006) su ggested that consumer behaviour is a study of how consumer’s purchasing power is changing following the adoption of consumer choices on products and feedbacks from satisfied users on the products. Uttley and Scott (2006) and Korczak (2008) agree consumer’s tastes and preferences are likely to change in future and this will greatly influence consumer choices for certain products. Mowen and minor (1997:5) argue that consumer behaviour is ‘the study of the buying units and the exchange processes involved in acquiring, consuming and disposing of products, services, ideas or experiences.’OverviewEljala (2006), Mark (2007) and Rob (2007) agree that consumer purchase behaviour is a product of choice processes. Eljala (2006) suggested that the choice processes of a consumer vary depending on the consumers' Loyalty and Beliefs on the product. The consumer’s needs, according to Eljala (2006) are depended on the lifestyle trends of a consumer that are dictated by the social class of the consumer. Mark (2007) suggested that consumer choice processes are subject to promotions services that are characteristic of the product. Mark (2007) added that promotional services of products and services have a market segmentation and target a given particular age of the consumer market. Mark (2007) and Rob (2007) agree that consumer market segmentation evaluates spending potential of a consumer and satisfaction level that the consumer derives on the product. According to Rob (2007), young people are possessed with products that underline their status and products that are characteristic of celebrities.

Considering the patient Barbara

Question: Discuss about the Considering the Patient Barbara ? Answer: Introduction Nursing care to the old is an initiative that has been less emphasized on in the nursing career. Recently it has become quite significant that as one age, one develops the propensity to illnesses. While taking care of these elderly patients, not all nurses can manage the task since not every nurse learnt these type skills in school. The duty requires a specialist nurse who has enough skills as well as compassion and understanding. The need for a specialist nurse is the fact that older adults suffer from depression, which acts as the platform for breeding other illnesses (Anderson, Braun, 2009). Given the case of Barbara, who feels very connected to the community, and that she wants to stay in her home, the nurse taking care of her will have to deliver the services at her home. The paper will elaborate in depth, the nursing care priorities as well as the use of the clinical reasoning cycle. The paper will be structured in a way that it will first identify all the nursing care priorit ies and then from there, it will establish the most important priorities. Clinical thinking and decision making by thinking critically and clinically, Is essential while considering a case of a given elderly patient. In nursing, caregivers follow the clinical reasoning cycle to collect information about the patient. Considering the patient Barbara, the information that a nurse ought to collect, includes her age, how she lives, who she live with, and the type of house does she live in. Barbara is 89 years old, lives in a single-storey house, and has a son who lives in Australia and a stepdaughter who is married in Germany. Both do visit often, and at one point, her son offered to take her with him to Australia though Barbara turned down the offer. Barbara is now twenty-four years since retiring as a teacher, due to the closeness she has developed with the neighbors, she feels much attached to the community and does not consider leaving her house. Off late, Barbara has been experiencing reduced levels of activity due to health deterioration that is mostly be ing contributed by the decreased cellular regeneration activity and muscle activity (Benner, 2017). However, the isolated way she is currently living in, may be the major risk factor for the development of illnesses; moreover, she rarely leaves the house due to altered mobility. The reduced physical contact with friends and German Association members has contributed to her depression. It is argued that older adults living alone at home without any social support are at the risk of developing depression, which results to deteriorated physical health as well as multiple chronic medical conditions (Carpenito-Moyet, 2012). Barbara has a dry macular degeneration, hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis according to her historical health records. Also, the GP has also noted joint stiffness, swollen feet, and enlarged joints, painful joint especially the knee, hip, fingers and back, limited joint movements, constipation, occasional dizziness, vision deficit, non-significant weight loss and occasional forgetfulness of medication when the patient is in pain. From this diagnosis the GP has also prescribed medication to the elderly patient as follows slow release paracetamol 665mg tab three times a day, ibuprofen 400 mg three times a day, thyroxin 150 mcg daily and hydroxyl-chloroquine 200mg daily to help manage the condition (Chellel, 2014). Barbaras house is usually untidy, has a food shortage such that the only food found at her house is tins of soup and baked beans meaning she is not eating healthy besides living in a dirty environment. Due to this, she is losing weight rapidly which combines with her medical history to worsen her illness state. The dry macular degeneration has led to increased blurredness and reduced eye view, hindering her from driving. The inability to drive has increased the isolation, and this has increased the chances for depression (Daly, 2012). Inadequate metabolism is also another condition contributing to her illness and immobility due to the Hypothyroidism condition. The condition involves inadequacy in thyroid hormone condition, a hormone that is responsible for metabolism in the body (Eliopoulos, 2010). Barbara has also been diagnosed with Rheumatoid arthritis that is making her feel pain in her joints especially her knee, hip, fingers and back as well as limited joint movement. This kind of illness is being caused by a chronic inflammatory disorder that has attacked more than just the joints (Silveira Kempfer, 2012). This kind of disorder is mainly perpetuated when the body immune system attacks own body cells and tissues. The illness affects the joint linings in the body, leading to painful swelling, which results in joint deformation due to bone erosion. This limits the movement of joints and body locomotion (Flaherty, 2008). Another condition that is further contributing to body deterioration is the Osteoarthritis. This particular kind of illness attack specific joints such as joints in the hands, knees, hips and spine. However, this kind of illness may be slowed down due to increased physical activity. Barbara Osteoarthritis condition has been slowed down over the years due to her engagement in activities with her husband. Consequently, after the husband passed away the condition has covered more ground due to increased inactivity (Hing, E.,2011). According to the diagnosis performed by the GP, Barbara is also suffering from constipation dizziness and occasional forgetfulness. This kind of symptoms may be related to poor eating habits that deny the body the required minerals and energy. The lack energy leads to reduced brain functioning hence increasing forgetfulness, and the lack of the necessary minerals in the body reduces the rate of thyroid production hence reducing metabolism. Reduced metabolism coupled with reduced body energy is the cause behind occasional dizziness that she is experiencing (Hunter, 2016). Constipation experienced by Barbara might be a culmination of all the illnesses that are currently attacking her body. Given her age condition and the medication, the treatment she is currently undergoing, constipation might result from any direction (Jasper, 2013). Some of the assumptions that can be made regarding the cause of constipation may involve; Administration of anti-acid medicine that contain aluminum or calcium, Changing the usual diet and activities, eating disorders, reduced activity, lack of adequate water or fiber in her diet, problems with the nerves or muscles in the digestive system, stress, lack of enough sleep and use of strong pain medication or under reactive thyroid (Larsson Mauleon, 2015). Having identified all the above challenges and illnesses, the following goals have been formulated to help improve the health condition of the patient. The first step is to ensure that the patient is on a proper diet by making sure that the patient's cupboards are well stocked with food. This will be followed by taking her medicine plus make sure that she is taken out twice a week to visit her children as well as to visit the German association members. Moreover, she will be going to local church on Sundays. This will ensure that she maintains her touch with the society as well as reduce depression. Also, her house will always be clean at all times, to ensure she stays in a clean environment. Finally, physical exercises will be made possible through some guidance to try to slow down the illness (Levett-Jones, 2013). The nurse will ensure that the above set goals are achieved through proper discipline and strategies. The actualization of these goals will involve, taking Barbara to the clinic for medical checkups, applying knowledge and skills attained from nursing training to guide her during physical exercises. Ensure that the tidiness of her house will be taken care of by the house help who will conduct the house duties under supervision, and proper diet to be provided in line with a laid down schedule (Locsin, 2012). The management of depression kept under control by ensuring that her social life is maintained by taking her around to see her children as well as the German Association members. Moreover, she will be visiting the local church every Sunday. Finally, the medication prescription given by the GP will be strictly followed at all time under through proper supervision. Evaluation After implementing all these strategies aimed at improving Barbara's welfare, an evaluation will be conducted to ensure that there is some realization of progress. After implementing these strategies, the patients weight will be measured and recorded weekly, to track the progress. The level of food intake will also be measured considered plus random questions to determine the memory of the patient. However food intake will be at top of the list, this is because most of the issues surrounding the patient usually have a direct effect on the food intake of the patient (Salminen et al., 2017). The other technique will be through observation where she will be observed whether her joints are healing and whether the inflammation is reducing (Marshall, 2010). Reflection When I first enrolled in a nursing college I knew this is the career to take me to unimaginable levels of experience, as soon as I was through with my college, I had all the confidence since I thought everything to do with nursing was at my fingertips. Nevertheless, that would be short-lived once I was tasked with the responsibility of taking care of the old. However, it was such a tremendous learning experience. I used to think that the old and retired people are the happiest as they had less to do. The only thing I thought they did was relaxing and reminisces on what they had achieved. That is far from the case. I now get to understand that loneliness, as well as inactivity, can lead to the eruption of diseases. Also, the fact that Barbaras inability to remember her medication shows that there are a lot of patients out there suffering silently and Barbara is just one of them. Another lesson is that proper diet is very crucial and next time I happen to come across a patient suffering, the same conditions as Barbara I will be sure to take the necessary steps towards fighting the illness (Ramont, 2012). Through the experience, I now believe that I can pass my knowledge to others through teaching and that, the suffering that the old go through should not take place with all this information around (Reed, 2009). Conclusion Nurses are the backbone of the health system in any society. They can understand and deal with a patient regardless of the health challenge one is facing. Dedicating one's life to taking care of others health conditions is a tough decision as the patient expects the nurse to perform to his/her condition. However, the nursing career also needs one who is well equipped with health knowledge and experience. The case becomes even more demanding when one is dealing with the elderly, as one is required performing the nursing duties and still showing compassion. In away the nurse acts as if he/she is art of the patients family providing companionship for the patient. References Anderson, M., Braun, J. (2009).Caring for the elderly client(1st ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. Benner, P., Hughes, R. (2017).Clinical Reasoning, Decisionmaking, and Action: Thinking Critically and Clinically.Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 26 March 2017, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2643/ Carpenito-Moyet, L., Carpenito, L. (2012).Nursing Care Plans Documentation(1st ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health. Chellel, A. (2014). Critical Reflection in Health and Social CareCritical Reflection in Health and Social Care.Nursing Standard,21(44), 30-30.https://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2007.07.21.44.30.b641 Daly, B. (2012).The acute care nurse practitioner(1st ed.). New York: Springer Pub. Co. Eliopoulos, C. (2010).Gerontological nursing(1st ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Flaherty, M. (2008).The care of the elderly person(1st ed.). St. Louis: Mosby. Hing, E., Uddin, S. (2011).Physician assistant and advance practice nurse care in hospital outpatient departments(1st ed.). Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Hunter, S. (Ed). (2016). Millers nursing for wellness in older adults (2 nd Australia and New Zealand ed.) North Ryde, NSW: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. Jasper, M., Rosser, M. (2013).Professional development, reflection and decision-making in nursing and health care(1st ed.). Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. Larsson Mauleon, A. (2015).Care for the elderly(1st ed.). Stockholm. Levett-Jones, T. (Ed.). (2013). Clinical reasoning: Learning to think like a nurse. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson. Locsin, R. (2012). Quo Vadis? Advanced Practice Nursing or Advanced Nursing Practice?.Holistic Nursing Practice,16(2), 1-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004650-200201000-00003 Marshall, L. (2010).Take charge of your nursing career(1st ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Sigma Theta Tau International. Ramont, R., Niedringhaus, D., Towle, M. (2012).Comprehensive nursing care(1st ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson. Reed, P., Shearer, N. (2009).Perspectives on nursing theory(1st ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Salminen, H., Zary, N., Bjrklund, K. (2017).Virtual Patients in Primary Care: Developing a Reusable Model That Fosters Reflective Practice and Clinical Reasoning. Retrieved 26 March 2017, from Silveira Kempfer, S. (2012). Nursing Care Centered on the Best Practices.Journal Of Nursing Care,01(04). https://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-1168.1000e108

Psychosocial Hazards at the Workplace-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Psychosocial hazards at the workplace. Answer: Introduction This briefing note will be discussing about the psychosocial hazards taking place at work place, the health impact of exposure to the identified hazards, the potential outcomes of the risk assessment hazards and the various measures for controlling the risks. Work is beneficial to mental well state and personal well being of a person. It provides a sense of identity in a person. 7500 Australians had been suffering from work related psychological disorders equating to around 6% of the workers compensation claims. About $480 millions of Australian workers are paid compensation for the work related mental disorders ("Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care", 2018). Most common types of psychosocial hazards noticed are alcohol in the work place, driver fatigue, customer aggression, work related mental disorders, remote or isolated work. Issue Alcohol in the workplace- about 15 % of the work place injuries in Australia have been attributed by the drug and substance abuse. And the economic cost due to alcohol use in Australia can be estimated about $4.5 billion a year contributing to the largest proportion to cost ("Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care", 2018). Work place bullying- Workers in Australia had been facing with psychological distress due to work place bullying. Reports showing 154% higher loss in performance at work. 12% more sick days per month have been obtained by the employers ("What is Work-Related Stress? - OHS Reps", 2018). Customer aggression-Customer aggression towards an employee can create a frightening, intimidating situation. Adverse effects Adverse physical effects such as liver cirrhosis, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, poor mental health, loss of job due to dismissal from the workplace and violence are the possible adverse effects of the alcohol consumption at the workplace (D'aleo et al., 2007). Bullying at work place can cause stress anxiety and sleep disturbances, mental issues such as depression, reduced quality of life, increased absenteeism and degraded work performance (Law et al., 2011). If customer aggression is not managed properly then it can cost directly to the employees such as recruitment costs, costs due to new employment training, declined staff and client satisfaction (D'aleo et al., 2007). Methods for assessing psychosocial hazards at the workplace The Australian Drug foundation has developed an effective workplace alcohol policy. In 2006, the ACTU executive has endorsed the alcohol and the other drugs at workplace policy ("Home - ADF - Alcohol Drug Foundation", 2018). The policy focused on the factors in the workplace that can attribute to the use of alcohols, early interventions, a confidential reporting procedures, support and counseling services for the people vulnerable to drugs and alcohol, training education to the managers, employees and the supervisors. There is no single act dedicated for the workplace bullying in Australia. The national model of Work health and safety Act or model work health and safety regulations have included those strategies to set up workplace bullying. In 2011 the parliament of Victoria had made amendments in the Victorian Crime act, 1958 by the crime amendment bill, 2011, concerned with nurse bullying. The occupational safety and the health act 1984 place duties on the employers and the employees to maintain codes of practice ("What is Work-Related Stress? - OHS Reps", 2018). NOHS have taken up strategies related to workplace such as fragmented work to ease out stress at the workplace. Scheduling of work such as shift timings, employment status, physical work environment, degree of control over work (Chan-Mok et al., 2014). The national health and safety commission of Australia (NOHS) have provided strategies for reducing fatigue among the employees. Fragmentation of work, dissemination of the workload, reasonable shift timings, provision of food and water, designing of the ergonomics to increase employee comfort. Outcomes and controlling methods Preferred order of the control measures for eliminating the risk of harm. Elimination- removal of the hazardous work practices such as alcohol and substance abuse, reduction of the excessive workload to reduce employee fatigue. Substitution- Work load should be disseminated in order to reduce the work load, provision of telephonic interaction with the customer prior to the meeting to prevent customer aggression. Engineering control- Alcohol detecting devices should be used to keep an eye on the employees, provision of cameras to identify any episodes of bullying. Administrative control- The HR managers can train the employees regarding the rules and the regulations regarding alcohol abuse, bullying, and work pressure. Personal protective equipments- PPE such as personal alarms can be use in case of bullying. Developing a healthy life style other than falling prey to alcohols and drug abuse, self appointment with experts if suffering with psychological stress. A PCBU has the main duty under the work health and safety act (WHS) to manage the risk associated with workload at the workplace ("Work Health and Safety Codes of Practice 2011", 2018). This includes flexible work arrangements giving the maximum degree of freedom, provision of support system to the budding or the new employees, rewarding the efforts of the workers, engaging the workers in the decision making, roistering appropriate shift timing for the employees. Conclusion Pressure at workplace and workload cannot be reduced in the corporate sectors but the health of the employees cannot be compromised in any way. Detection of the factors that trigger the hazards and applying policies such as alcohol reduction policies and policies against bullying and fatigue at workplace can help in reducing the psychosocial hazards at workplace. In spite of the several measures already taken, there are several gaps that have to be filled for reducing the psychosocial hazards at the workplace. Recommendations It is essential to identify the workplace factors that trigger the alcohol consumption at the workplace. The management staffs should be supported and trained for dealing alcohol related issues, raise awareness in the workplace regarding the risk associated with alcohol consumption at work place, application of stringent norms and penalties regarding alcohol consumption at the workplace (D'aleo et al., 2007). The anti-bullying laws have to be stricter while dealing with bullying. There should be easy access to the communication channels such the reporting of bullying becomes easier. Employees have to be trained properly to respond to incidents of aggression, bullying and incivility (Law et al., 2011). Identification of threats related to customer aggression, evaluation of the threats, setting of acceptable levels of risk References Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. (2018). Safetyandquality.gov.au. Retrieved 11 February 2018, from https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/ Chan-Mok, J. O., Caponecchia, C., Winder, C. (2014). The concept of workplace bullying: Implications from Australian workplace health and safety law. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 21(3), 442-456. D'aleo, N., Stebbins, P., Lowe, R., Lees, D., Ham, D. (2007). Managing workplace stress: psychosocial hazard risk profiles in public and private sector Australia. The Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling, 13(2), 68-87. Home - ADF - Alcohol Drug Foundation. (2018). ADF - Alcohol Drug Foundation. Retrieved 11 February 2018, from https://adf.org.au/ Law, R., Dollard, M. F., Tuckey, M. R., Dormann, C. (2011). Psychosocial safety climate as a lead indicator of workplace bullying and harassment, job resources, psychological health and employee engagement. Accident Analysis Prevention, 43(5), 1782-1793. What is Work-Related Stress? - OHS Reps. (2018). Ohsrep.org.au. Retrieved 11 February 2018, from https://www.ohsrep.org.au/hazards/stress/what-is-work-related-stress Work Health and Safety Codes of Practice 2011. (2018). Legislation.gov.au. Retrieved 11 February 2018, from https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2011L02804